編輯說明 ㇐、本部為加強教育改革，提升教育品質，強化國際 文教交流與接軌，爰蒐集國內外相關教育統計資 料，彙編成「教育統計指標之國際比較」專刊， 俾供各界了解主要國家教育發展及其差異情 形，並提供本部制訂教育政策及其他單位作為研 究分析之參據。 二、本專刊內容包括在學狀況與學生、教師與學習環 境、教育成果、教育經費及附錄等；在國家別方 面，主要列舉中華民國、日本、南韓、美國、加 拿大、英國、法國、德國及澳洲等國。 三、本專刊內容所提學前教育、高級中等教育、高等 教育係分別相當於我國幼兒園、高級中等學校、 大專之教育。 四、高等教育係屬大專以上教育(大專校院、宗教研修 學院、專科進修學校、空大及進修學院學生)，包 括研究所、大學及專科(扣除五專前三年），在本 刊中之學科類別，係依 2013 年版聯合國教科文組 織之國際教育標準分類歸類。 五、由於各國之學年度與會計年度起迄時間多不相 同，在不影響比較效果下，為便利參閱，均以西 元之「曆年」表示 (請參閱附錄 1、2024 年 OECD 計算指標所使用之會計年度與學年度，我國 2024 年/學年，分別指 113 年度/學年度(2024 年 8 月 至 2025 年 7 月)。 六、由於各國學制多不相同，以致統計項目無法明細 分類；且部分統計資料之定義範圍有所差異，為 便利了解其差異狀況，有關差異情形將儘量於統 計表下方註明 (請參閱附錄 2、主要國家義務教 育概況)。 七、本專刊主要資料來源計有： (一)聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)統計資料。 (二)經濟合作暨發展組織(OECD)各國教育概觀」， https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/seri als/education-at-a-glance_g1gha6b0.html。 (三)日本文部科學省「教育指標之國際比較」。 八、本刊所載資料如有更新數字均予以修正，凡與前 期內容不同者，悉以本期數字為準。 九、符號意義： ⓡ：修正數。 ⓔ：估計數。 -：不存在或無數值。 …：數值不明或尚未產生資料。 n：其量微不足道或為零。 x(i)：資料包含於表格的其他欄項中 (例如 x(2) 表示資料含於該表格同列的第 2 欄中)。 十、因尾數四捨五入關係，統計表細項合計與總數或 略有差異。 十一、本書各表資料取得日期為 114 年 5 月至 9 月。
Explanatory Notes 1. Our goal is to strengthen the education reform, increase the quality of education, and to expand in the area of international cultural and education exchange to connect with the rest of the world, we have researched and compiled a collection of related education statistics and information into the publication of the “International Comparison of Education Statistical Indicators.” In doing so, it is our hope that others will gain a better understanding of the education development and the differences in major countries around the world. In the meanwhile, as evidences and reference materials in policies making for Ministry of Education and for researches. 2. The contents in this publication include access to education and students, teachers and the learning environment, educational outcomes, financial resources invested in education, and other appendices. The major countries examined are the Republic of China, Japan, Republic of Korea, the United States, Canada, the United Kingdom, France, Germany, Australia, and others. 3. The different levels of education classified in this publication such as early childhood education, primary education, and higher education, respectively equivalent to preschool, senior secondary school, junior college, college, and university in R.O.C.. 4. Higher education in this publication indicates university, college, junior college education and above (with the exception of the first three years at five-year junior colleges), leading to associate degrees at junior colleges, bachelor’s masters and Ph.D. degrees at universities. Here, the categories of higher education courses are based on the definition of ISCED-F 2013. 5. Various countries have different beginning and end for its financial year and academic year. For the convenience of comparison and reference, the Gregorian calendar year is used. (Refer to Appendix 1, the terms of fiscal year and academic year that were used in the OECD Calculation Indicator 2024. In R.O.C., 2024 calendar year is designated as the 113 year, and 2024 school year is designated as the 113 school year (August 2024 to July 2025). 6. Due to inconsistent statistical classifications and differences in the objectives on parts of the statistical information, hence, for a better understanding of the differences, any relevant information will be explained in the footnote. (Refer to Appendix 2, compulsory education overview for major countries). 7. Source of information: (1)United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO) Statistics Information. (2)”Education at a Glance” by the Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), https://www.oecd.org/en/publications/serials/educatio n-at-a-glance_g1gha6b0.html. (3)”International Comparison of Education Statistical Indicators” by the Japanese Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science, and Technology. 8. The figures given in the issue may not agree with the corresponding figures in the previous issue due to the corrections and revisions made in exchange of base. 9. Symbols used: ⓡ：Revised ⓔ：Estimate -：None …：Data not available n：Insufficient data x( i)：Data included in Column I (e.g. x(2) denotes that the information is contained in the second column of the same row of the table). 10. Certain details may not add up to the total due to rounding up of the figures. 11. The dates of data collection for all tables in this book are from May to September, 2025.
目 次 壹、「教育統計指標之國際比較」提要分析 貳、統計表 表 1-1 各級教育粗在學率─按性別分……………………………………………………………………………………….. 3 表 1-2 各級教育總淨在學率─按性別分…………………………………………………………………………………….. 6 表 1-3 15-20 歲學齡人口淨在學率─按教育級別分························································································· 9 表 1-4 國小學齡前㇐年組織學習參與率·············································································································· 11 表 1-5 預期受教育年數············································································································································ 12 表 1-6 中等以下學校學生人數結構─按設立別分····························································································· 13 表 1-7 高級中等教育學生人數結構─按課程型態分························································································· 14 表 1-8 高等教育學生人數結構─按學制及設立別分························································································· 15 表 1-9 高等教育畢業生人數結構─按領域別分 ································································································· 16 表 1-10 高等教育女性畢業生所占比率─按學位分····························································································· 17 表 1-11 我國高等教育境外學生人數—按來源國別分······················································································· 18 表 1-12 我國辦理出國留學簽證人數······················································································································ 24 表 1-13 高等教育修讀學位境外學生人數占高等教育學生人數比率····························································· 25 表 1-14 高等教育出國留學生人數占高等教育學生人數比率·········································································· 26 表 1-15 學生超齡率 ···················································································································································· 27 表 2-1 生師比—按教育級別分····························································································································· 29 表 2-2 平均每班學生人數─按教育級別及設立別分······················································································· 30 表 2-3 女性教師所占比率—按教育級別分······································································································· 31 表 2-4 教師工作時數結構······································································································································ 32 表 2-5 教師法定薪資··············································································································································· 33 表 2-6 教師年齡結構─按教育級別及年齡組別分 ··························································································· 35 表 2-7 SDG 4 指標性別平衡指數························································································································ 37 表 3-1 25-64 歲人口教育程度結構 ···················································································································· 41 表 3-2 受高級中等以上教育之人口比率─按年齡組別分·············································································· 42 表 3-3 受高等教育之人口比率─按年齡組別分································································································ 43 表 3-4 25 歲以上人口平均就學年數 ·················································································································· 44 表 3-5 中等以下教育完成率 ································································································································· 45 ㇐、在學狀況與學生 二、教師與學習環境 三、教育成果
表 3-6 25-64 歲人口就業率─按教育程度別分······························································································· 46 表 3-7 25-64 歲人口失業率─按教育程度別及性別分·················································································· 47 表 3-8 受僱員工薪資結構─按年齡組別、教育程度別及性別分 ································································ 48 表 3-9 國際數學與科學教育成就趨勢調查(TIMSS)與促進國際閱讀素養研究(PIRLS)成績統計······· 49 表 3-10 15 歲學生國際學生能力評量計畫(PISA)成績統計··········································································· 51 表 3-11 我國學生參加亞太 (含亞洲) 及國際奧林匹亞競賽成績統計 ······················································· 52 表 3-12 我國學生參加國際科學展覽會(ISEF)歷年成績統計 ········································································· 56 表 3-13 我國學生參加國際資訊類及技能競賽歷年成績統計 ······································································· 57 表 3-14 世界大學排名·············································································································································· 58 表 3-15 英語水平─托福、多益測驗分數············································································································ 61 表 3-16 SCIE 論文發表篇數及名次····················································································································· 62 表 3-17 EI 論文發表篇數及名次··························································································································· 63 表 3-18 SSCI 論文發表篇數及名次····················································································································· 64 表 3-19 A&HCI 論文發表篇數及名次················································································································ 65 (三)國民教育 表 4-1 教育經費占國內生產毛額比率─按經費來源別分 ············································································· 67 表 4-2 政府教育經費占政府歲出比率 ··············································································································· 68 表 4-3 平均每生使用教育經費 ···························································································································· 69 表 4-4 平均每生使用教育經費占平均每人國內生產毛額之比率······························································· 70 表 4-5 教育經費經資門結構································································································································· 71 表 4-6 研究發展經費占國內生產毛額比率 ······································································································ 72 表 4-7 研究發展經費結構─按執行部門別分 ··································································································· 73 表 4-8 大學生學雜費占平均每人國內生產毛額比率····················································································· 74 表 4-9 大學生學雜費·············································································································································· 75 附錄 1 2024 年 OECD 計算指標所使用之會計年度與學年度·································································· 81 附錄 2 義務教育概況·············································································································································· 82 附錄 3 經濟成⾧率、國內生產毛額與平均每人國內生產毛額··································································· 83 附錄 4 所得分配狀況·············································································································································· 84 參、名詞解釋 四、教育經費 五、附錄
Contents A. Analysis of International Comparison of Education Statistical Indicators B. Tables Table 1-1 Gross Enrollment Ratio by Educational Level and Gender ······································································· 3 Table 1-2 Total Net Enrollment Rate by Educational Level and Gender································································· 6 Table 1-3 Enrollment Rate Between the Ages of 15 and 20, by Level of Education ··········································· 9 Table 1-4 Participation Rate in Organized Learning (One Year Before the Official Primary Entry Age)… 11 Table 1-5 Expected Years in Education for Age 5 and Above, by Gender ··························································· 12 Table 1-6 Distribution of Enrolled Students in Primary and Secondary Education, by Type of Institution ···· 13 Table 1-7 Distribution of Enrolled Students in Senior Secondary Education, by Type of Program·········· 14 Table 1-8 Distribution of Enrolled Students in Tertiary Education, by Level of Education and Type of Institution····························································································· 15 Table 1-9 Distribution of Graduates in Tertiary Education, by Field of Study ···················································· 16 Table 1-10 Share of Female Graduates in Tertiary Education, by Level of Education ······································· 17 Table 1-11 Number of Foreign Students in Tertiary Education, by Country of Origin ····································· 18 Table 1-12 Number of Students Applying for Visas to Study Abroad····································································· 24 Table 1-13 Inbound Mobility Rate in Tertiary Education ······························································································ 25 Table 1-14 Outbound Mobility Ratio in Tertiary Education························································································· 26 Table 1-15 Percentage of Children Over-age for Grade (Primary Education, Junior High School)············· 27 B1. Summary of Education at All Levels Table 2-1 Ratio of Students to Teacher, by Level of Education ················································································ 29 Table 2-2 Average Class Size, by Level of Education and Type of Institution····················································· 30 Table 2-3 Share of Female Teachers, by Level of Education ······················································································ 31 Table 2-4 Structure of Teachers' Working Time·············································································································· 32 Table 2-5 Teachers' Statutory Salaries ································································································································ 33 Table 2-6 Age Distribution of Teachers, by Level of Education and Age Group ··············································· 35 Table 2-7 Gender Parity Indices for SDG 4 Indicators ·································································································· 37 Table 3-1 Educational Attainment for Adults Aged 25-64 ························································································ 41 Table 3-2 Share of the Population that has Attained at Least Senior Secondary Education, by Age Group···························································································································································· 42 Table 3-3 Share of the Population that has Attained Tertiary Education····························································· 43 Table 3-4 Mean Years of Schooling for Adults Aged 25 and Above······································································ 44 Table 3-5 Completion Rate ─ Primary Education, Junior High School, Senior Secondary Education ······························································································································ 45 Ⅰ. Access to Education and Students Ⅱ. Teachers and the Learning Environment Ⅲ. Educational Outcomes
Table 3-6 Employment Rate for Adults Aged 25-64, by Educational Attainment ··········································· 46 Table 3-7 Unemployment Rate for Adults Aged 25-64, by Educational Attainment and Gender ··············· 47 Table 3-8 Relative Earnings of Workers Compared to Those with Senior Secondary Attainment, by Age Group, Educational Attainment and Gender ··············································································· 48 Table 3-9 Achievements of the Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study and Progress in International Reading Literacy Study ····················································································· 49 Table 3-10 Achievements of 15 Year Olds Students on the Programme for International Student Assessment·················································································· 51 Table 3-11 Medals Attained by Our Students in the Asian Pacific/International Olympiad ·························· 52 Table 3-12 Awards of Our Students in International Science and Engineering Fair·········································· 56 Table 3-13 Medals Attained by Our Students Attending International Information/Technique Tournaments············································································································ 57 Table 3-14 World University Rankings ································································································································· 58 Table 3-15 English Proficiency ─ TOEFL、TOEIC············································································································ 61 Table 3-16 Annual Papers and World Ranking in SCIE·································································································· 62 Table 3-17 Annual Papers and World Ranking in EI ······································································································· 63 Table 3-18 Annual Papers and World Ranking in SSCI·································································································· 64 Table 3-19 Annual Papers and World Ranking in A&HCI ···························································································· 65 Table 4-1 Education Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP, by Source of Funds ··············································· 67 Table 4-2 Government Expenditure on Education as a Percentage of Total Government Expenditure························································································································· 68 Table 4-3 Total Expenditure per Student··························································································································· 69 Table 4-4 Expenditure per Student Relative to GDP per Capita ·············································································· 70 Table 4-5 Share of Current and Capital Expenditure···································································································· 71 Table 4-6 R&D Expenditure as a Percentage of GDP··································································································· 72 Table 4-7 R&D Expenditure, by Sector ······························································································································ 73 Table 4-8 Tuition and Fees in Tertiary Education per Student Relative to per Capita GDP·························· 74 Table 4-9 Tuition and Fees in Tertiary Education ·········································································································· 75 Appendix 1 Financial Year and School Year Used for the Calculation of Indicators of OECD Countries ····· 81 Appendix 2 Duration and Starting Age of Compulsory Education ············································································· 82 Appendix 3 Economic Growth Rate, Gross Domestic Product and per Capita Gross Domestic Product ··· 83 Appendix 4 Income Distribution················································································································································ 84 C. Glossary Ⅳ. Financial Resources Invested in Education Ⅴ. Appendix
壹、「教育統計指標之國際比較」提要分析 A. Analysis of International Comparison of Education Statistical Indicators
「聯合國永續發展目標─教育統計指標」提要分析 「永續發展目標」(Sustainable Development Goals, SDGs)係聯合國「2030 年永續發展議 程」之核心，亦為全球和平、繁榮之願景及藍圖，範圍涵括消除貧窮、零飢餓、健康與福祉、 性別平等、永續能源、尊嚴勞動與經濟成長、永續城市、氣候、海洋資源等領域，各領域均 選取數項代表性量化指標，以衡量及監測目標達成程度；其中第 4 項─優質教育(SDG 4 - Quality Education)之主軸為確保融合及公平之優質教育，促進全民終身教育機會，亦為教育領 域重要之國際統計指標。為探詢我國教育永續發展目標完成程度並與國際接軌，爰深入了解 SDG 4 各項指標定義、範圍，據以蒐集相關資訊後編製完竣，茲簡要分析如次： 一、中等以下教育完成率(Completion Rate - Primary Education, Lower and Upper Secondary Education) ▲我國2021 年國小、國中及高級中等教育完成率分別為99.98%、99.75%及98.81%， 均高於世界平均之87.10%、76.80%及57.90% 我國2021年國小教育完成率為99.98%，高於世界平均87.10%，國中教育完成率為 99.75%，高於世界平均76.80%，高級中等教育完成率為98.81%，高於世界平均57.90%。 觀察美國、西班牙、挪威等主要國家，國小教育完成率介於97.70%至100%間，比 率較高；國中教育完成率介於92.20%至100%間；高級中等教育完成率則介於75.62%至 94.58%間，分布範圍較廣，均分別高於世界平均。 資料來源：內政部人口教育程度資料及聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)統計資料庫 (https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/)，114 年9 月9 日下載。 說明：1.德國無國小資料。 2.本圖僅列示代表國家，各國資料詳參附表，後述均同。 中等以下教育完成率－按教育階段分 2021年 99.98 99.57 99.42 98.62 97.70 99.77 100.00 87.10 99.75 98.76 92.20 98.84 97.23 95.40 99.54 100.00 76.80 98.81 94.58 78.37 77.90 75.62 88.11 90.22 81.35 57.90 0 20 40 60 80 100 美 國 德 國 丹 麥 西 班 牙 比 利 時 芬 蘭 挪 威 世 界 平 均 % 國小 國中 高級中等教育 中 華 民 國 (1)
二、學生超齡率(Percentage of Children Over-age for Grade) ▲我國2023年國小學生超齡率為0.01%，國中為0.04%，分別低於世界平均之10.06%及 9.40% 我國2023年國小學生超齡率為0.01%，低於世界平均10.06%，主要國家以英國、挪 威及冰島為0%最低；瑞典、南韓及新加坡等介於0.05%至0.38%次之；比利時、美國及 奧地利等介於0.92%至5.83%較高。 我國2023 年國中學生超齡率則為0.04%，低於世界平均9.40%，主要國家以英國、 挪威及冰島為0%最低；瑞典、南韓及新加坡等介於0.14%至0.78%次之；比利時、美國 及奧地利等介於2.73%至9.14%較高。 資料來源：教育部國中小學生資料及聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)統計資料庫 (https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/)，114 年9 月18 日下載。 三、國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率(Participation Rate in Organized Learning - One Year Before the Official Primary Entry Age) ▲我國2023年國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率為95.09%，高於世界平均之75.11% 我國2023年之國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率為95.09%，高於世界平均之75.11%， 而南韓、澳洲、法國等主要國家均介於84.10%至100.00%，亦高於世界平均。 學生超齡率－按教育階段分 2023年 0.01 0 0 0 0.05 0.10 0.14 0.38 0.92 3.95 5.83 10.06 0.04 0 0 0 0.14 0.14 0.42 0.78 2.73 4.12 9.14 9.40 0 4 8 12 中 華 民 國 英 國 挪 威 冰 島 瑞 典 南 韓 澳 洲 新 加 坡 比 利 時 美 國 奧 地 利 世 界 平 均 國小 國中 % (2)
2023年 資料來源：教育部國教署五歲幼兒入園率資料及聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)統計資料庫 (https://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/)，114 年9 月15 日下載。 四、高等教育粗在學率(Gross Enrollment Ratio for Tertiary Education) ▲我國2023年高等教育粗在學率為90.30%，高於世界平均43.20%及東亞平均之74.03% 我國2023年之高等教育粗在學率為90.30%，高於世界平均之43.20%及東亞平均之 74.03%，主要國家以日本、法國及德國等介於64.89%至78.59%較低；英國、荷蘭及奧地 利等介於80.50%至91.68%次之；澳洲、南韓及芬蘭等介於104.65%至108.13%較高。 2023年 資料來源：教育部學生人數資料、內政部人口資料及聯合國教科文組織(UNESCO)統計資料庫 (http://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/)，114 年9 月15 日下載。 說明：東亞國家(地區)包含大陸地區、香港、日本、南韓、北韓、澳門及蒙古。 高等教育粗在學率 國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率 90.30 64.89 66.73 70.45 75.95 76.52 77.68 78.59 80.50 81.40 86.59 91.68 104.65 106.71 108.13 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 日 本 捷 克 法 國 義 大 利 冰 島 葡 萄 牙 德 國 英 國 瑞 典 荷 蘭 奧 地 利 澳 洲 南 韓 芬 蘭 % 中 華 民 國 世界平均 43.20 東亞平均 74.03 95.09 84.10 92.17 93.22 93.57 94.77 95.20 96.45 98.13 99.09 99.17 100.00 60 70 80 90 100 紐 西 蘭 澳 洲 加 拿 大 捷 克 南 韓 義 大 利 芬 蘭 德 國 瑞 典 瑞 士 法 國 % 中 華 民 國 世界平均 75.11 0 (3)
五、教育指標性別平衡指數(Gender Parity Indices for Education Indicators) 本指數係衡量各項SDG 4指標之性別平衡情形，其內涵為分別計算兩性之各項指標， 再以女性指標數值除以男性指標數值而得；愈接近1 代表示兩性愈平衡，介於0.97 至 1.03 之間可視為平衡，高於此範圍者代表女性指標高於男性，反之則否。以下簡述各國 SDG 4各指標之性別平衡概況： (一)中等以下教育完成率 ▲我國2021年國小、國中及高級中等教育完成率均呈性別平衡 我國2021 年國小、國中及高級中等教育完成率之性別平衡指數均為1.00，呈性 別平衡。另觀察主要國家完成率之性別平衡指數，國小、國中教育階段均呈性別平衡， 高級中等教育階段僅少數主要國家呈現性別平衡，大部分主要國家女性教育完成率高 於男性。 說明：1.資料來源及資料時期均同本分析之「一、中等以下教育完成率」。 2.本圖以綠色數據表示呈性別平衡國家數值，女性數據顯高於男性者以紅色表示，男性數據顯高於女性 則以藍色表示，以下三項指數表示方式均同。 3.各國性別平衡指數數值皆以四捨五入至小數第2 位之方式呈現，惟其性別平衡程度係以原始指數數值 界定，爰有數值相同但性別平衡程度不同之情形。 中等以下教育完成率性別平衡指數－按教育階段分 國小 國中 高級中等 2021 年 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 0.5 1.0 1.5 芬蘭 挪威 比利時 美國 丹麥 西班牙 中華民國 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 1.02 0.5 1.0 1.5 芬蘭 挪威 比利時 美國 丹麥 西班牙 德國 中華民國 0.98 1.00 1.02 1.05 1.06 1.08 1.11 1.11 0.5 1.0 1.5 芬蘭 美國 挪威 比利時 德國 西班牙 丹麥 中華民國 (4)
(二)國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率 ▲我國2023年國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率呈性別平衡 我國2023 年國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率之性別平衡指數為1.00，與德國、 法國及澳洲等多數主要國家及世界平均皆呈性別平衡。 2023年 說明：資料來源及資料時期均同本分析之「三、國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率」。 (三)高等教育粗在學率 ▲我國2023 年高等教育粗在學率性別平衡指數為1.08，低於世界平均、東亞平均及 多數主要國家 我國2023年高等教育粗在學率之性別平衡指數為1.08，與世界平均1.13及東亞 平均1.12 均為女性粗在學率高於男性。另觀察主要國家高等教育粗在學率之性別平 衡指數，多數為女性粗在學率高於男性，其中以德國、荷蘭及葡萄牙等指數介於1.08 至1.18較低；奧地利、法國及義大利等介於1.23至1.29次之；澳洲、瑞典及冰島等 介於1.32至1.52較高；僅日本呈性別平衡，南韓則為男性粗在學率高於女性。 國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率性別平衡指數 0.99 0.99 0.99 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.01 1.01 0.5 1.0 1.5 世界平均 南韓 義大利 澳洲 中華民國 德國 法國 瑞士 加拿大 瑞典 紐西蘭 (5)
2023年 說明：資料來源及資料時期均同本分析之「四、高等教育粗在學率」。 高等教育粗在學率性別平衡指數 0.87 0.98 1.08 1.08 1.12 1.13 1.16 1.18 1.23 1.24 1.24 1.26 1.28 1.29 1.32 1.41 1.52 0.0 1.0 2.0 南韓 日本 德國 東亞平均 世界平均 荷蘭 葡萄牙 奧地利 芬蘭 法國 捷克 英國 義大利 澳洲 瑞典 冰島 中華民國 (6)
六、研析與措施 (一) 學前教育階段：本部自 2018 年起配合「我國少子女化對策計畫」及「06 歲國家一起養 2.0」政策，持續強化「增加平價名額」、「降低就學費 用」及「發放育兒津貼」等推動策略，以健全學前教育友善成長環境， 2023 年平價幼兒園達48.8 萬個名額，國小學齡前一年組織學習參與率 為95.09%，高於世界平均之75.11%。 (二) 國民基本教育階段：我國高級中等教育完成率近年均逾9成8，且已近 普及教育，高於各主要國家，主要係我國自103年8月起推動十二年國 民基本教育，前9年為國民教育，依「國民教育法」及「強迫入學條例」 規定辦理；後3年為高級中等教育，依「高級中等教育法」規定，對象 為15 歲以上之國民，主要內涵為普及、自願而非強迫入學、落實高級 中等學校免學費、公私立學校並行、免試入學為主、學校類型多元及普 通與技職教育兼顧。高級中等教育階段將提供國中畢業生依其性向、能 力及興趣，選擇適合之教育途徑，並分別施予適性之課程及教學，以使 每位學生潛能皆可獲得開展。 (三) 高等教育階段：我國2023年高等教育粗在學率為90.30%，較上年增加 1.40個百分點，並高於多數主要國家。為維護弱勢學生受教權益，減輕 學生家庭經濟負擔，使學生安心就學，本部訂有各類學雜費減免法規以 及「大專校院弱勢學生助學計畫」等相關規定，針對低收入戶及中低收 入戶學生、身心障礙學生及身心障礙人士子女、特殊境遇家庭子女孫子 女及未具前開各類特殊弱勢身分但家庭經濟相對弱勢學生等對象，持續 減免其學雜費。此外，政府為落實教育平權，自113 年2月起推動「拉 近公私立學校學雜費差距及配套措施方案」，以「主軸：減免私立大專 校院學生學雜費差額1 年最高3.5萬元」及「配套一：加碼減免公私立 大專校院經濟弱勢學生學雜費1.5 至2 萬元」，協助減輕學生家長經濟 負擔，讓學生更適性選擇校系。 (7)
貳、統計表 B. Tables 1
一、在學狀況與學生 I. Access to Education and Students 2
單位：% (Unit : %) 總計 T. 男M. 女 F. 總計 T. 男 M. 女 F. 總計 T. 男 M. 女 F. 亞洲 Asia 中華民國1 R.O.C. 98.3 97.8 98.9 99.1 98.7 99.6 97.6 97.3 98.0 大陸地區 Mainland China 99.5 98.7 100.4 100.1 99.4 100.9 99.2 98.4 100.1 日本 Japan 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.3 102.1 … … … 南韓 Republic of Korea 98.6 98.7 98.5 99.0 99.1 98.9 … … … 新加坡 Singapore 99.9 100.1 99.7 99.6 99.6 99.6 89.1 88.8 89.4 香港 Hong Kong 106.0 107.3 104.6 101.1 102.2 99.9 … … … 澳門 Macao 89.1 88.3 89.9 85.0 83.1 87.1 86.4 85.5 87.5 美洲 America 美國 United States 98.3 98.6 98.0 97.0 97.0 97.0 … … … 加拿大 Canada 95.2 95.1 95.4 94.7 94.6 94.9 … … … 歐洲 Europe 英國 United Kingdom 102.2 102.2 102.2 102.5 102.6 102.4 … … … 法國 France 102.6 102.9 102.3 102.7 102.9 102.5 … … … 德國 Germany 101.3 101.3 101.4 100.2 100.0 100.5 99.3 99.0 99.6 義大利 Italy 101.1 101.5 100.7 101.6 101.8 101.3 103.6 104.1 103.0 西班牙 Spain 103.4 103.2 103.5 103.0 103.0 103.0 103.0 102.9 103.1 比利時 Belgium 101.8 101.8 101.8 102.2 102.2 102.1 … … … 荷蘭 Netherlands 104.4 104.7 104.1 104.2 104.5 103.9 … … … 芬蘭 Finland 99.4 99.5 99.2 98.6 98.8 98.4 99.1 99.2 99.0 奧地利 Austria 101.6 102.0 101.3 100.8 101.1 100.4 100.9 101.2 100.6 瑞士 Switzerland 101.5 101.6 101.4 101.4 101.4 101.3 102.3 102.3 102.3 捷克 Czech Republic 101.7 101.8 101.6 101.0 101.1 100.8 … … … 丹麥 Denmark 100.3 100.6 100.0 100.2 100.6 99.9 99.9 100.1 99.7 冰島 Iceland 98.6 98.5 98.6 98.5 98.6 98.5 … … … 愛爾蘭 Ireland 100.0 99.4 100.6 99.6 98.7 100.5 … … … 挪威 Norway 99.0 98.9 99.0 99.0 99.0 99.0 98.6 98.7 98.5 葡萄牙 Portugal 104.9 105.4 104.4 109.8 109.8 109.9 … … … 瑞典 Sweden 117.3 113.9 121.0 116.4 112.7 120.4 115.0 111.2 119.1 大洋洲 Oceania 澳洲Australia 99.9 99.8 100.1 99.1 99.0 99.2 99.4 99.3 99.4 紐西蘭 New Zealand 97.9 97.8 98.1 96.6 96.4 96.7 96.9 96.7 97.0 世界平均 World 100.5 101.3 99.6 101.7 102.6 100.8 101.8 102.6 100.8 東亞平均 Eastern Asia 99.5 98.8 100.3 100.1 99.5 100.9 99.4 98.6 100.2 資料來源：聯合國教科文組織統計資料庫。 說明：各級教育粗在學率 = 各該級教育學生人數÷各該相當學齡人口數 x 100%。 附註：1.我國2023年係指112學年度(2023-2024年)。 表1-1 各級教育粗在學率─按性別分(國小)(1/3) Table 1-1 Gross Enrollment Ratio by Education Level and Gender (1/3) 2021學年 SY 2022學年 SY ─ Primary Education 2023學年 SY 3
單位：% (Unit : %) 總計 T. 男M. 女 F. 總計 T. 男 M. 女 F. 總計 T. 男 M. 女 F. 亞洲 Asia 中華民國1 R.O.C. 99.1 98.6 99.8 99.7 99.1 100.3 98.1 97.6 98.7 大陸地區 Mainland China … … … … … … … … … 日本 Japan 102.2 102.0 102.3 102.3 102.2 102.5 … … … 南韓 Republic of Korea 98.1 98.4 97.8 97.8 98.1 97.6 … … … 新加坡 Singapore 103.0 103.2 102.9 103.0 103.3 102.8 76.3 74.4 78.3 香港 Hong Kong 100.2 102.7 97.6 102.0 103.4 100.5 … … … 澳門 Macao 88.5 88.2 88.9 90.2 90.8 89.6 92.6 93.3 91.8 美洲 America 美國 United States 101.2 101.0 101.3 97.5 96.4 98.7 … … … 加拿大 Canada 108.3 107.3 109.5 107.5 106.6 108.4 … … … 歐洲 Europe 英國 United Kingdom 113.7 111.7 115.8 113.3 111.5 115.1 … … … 法國 France 104.5 104.4 104.6 104.3 104.0 104.5 … … … 德國 Germany 101.2 104.2 98.1 100.8 103.8 97.7 99.1 101.5 96.4 義大利 Italy 101.8 102.4 101.2 101.4 101.8 100.9 100.7 100.9 100.4 西班牙 Spain 120.1 118.2 122.1 119.6 117.4 122.0 118.4 116.3 120.6 比利時 Belgium 143.2 136.1 150.6 142.9 134.5 151.8 … … … 荷蘭 Netherlands 136.0 135.1 136.9 138.8 136.7 141.0 … … … 芬蘭 Finland 143.4 136.1 151.0 144.9 136.8 153.2 142.9 134.7 151.4 奧地利 Austria 102.3 103.5 101.1 101.5 102.4 100.5 100.5 101.4 99.5 瑞士 Switzerland 103.6 105.4 101.7 103.4 105.2 101.5 103.0 104.5 101.3 捷克 Czech Republic 102.1 101.6 102.6 102.9 102.2 103.7 … … … 丹麥 Denmark 131.8 132.2 131.4 130.3 130.9 129.7 127.0 127.7 126.3 冰島 Iceland 115.2 117.2 113.0 112.6 114.9 110.2 … … … 愛爾蘭 Ireland 135.3 129.2 141.6 133.2 127.2 139.5 … … … 挪威 Norway 119.8 121.7 117.8 119.4 120.9 117.9 117.8 118.8 116.6 葡萄牙 Portugal 118.3 117.9 118.7 122.0 120.5 123.6 … … … 瑞典 Sweden 138.7 131.0 146.8 139.4 130.4 149.0 134.2 125.7 143.3 大洋洲 Oceania 澳洲 Australia 135.5 137.6 133.3 133.3 135.8 130.6 134.1 136.9 131.1 紐西蘭 New Zealand 117.6 114.7 120.7 114.8 111.9 117.9 113.4 109.7 117.3 世界平均 World 77.5 78.3 76.8 77.6 78.0 77.1 77.1 77.4 76.8 東亞平均 Eastern Asia 93.1 92.2 94.2 93.9 93.0 95.0 94.8 93.9 95.9 Source: UNESCO Institute for Statistic Database (http://databrowser.uis.unesco.org/). Explanation: Gross enrollment ratio at each level of education=number of students enrolled in the respective education level ÷ number of school-age population at the corresponding level × 100%. Note: 1. Data from R.O.C. in year 2023 refers to the 112 school year (2023-2024). 表1-1 各級教育粗在學率─按性別分(中等教育)(2/3) Table 1-1 Gross Enrollment Ratio by Education Level and Gender (2/3) 2021學年 SY 2022學年 SY 2023學年 SY ─ Secondary Education 4
單位：% (Unit : %) 總計 T. 男M. 女 F. 總計 T. 男M. 女 F. 總計 T. 男M. 女 F. 亞洲 Asia 中華民國1 R.O.C. 88.1 84.9 91.6 88.9 85.4 92.7 90.3 86.9 94.0 大陸地區 Mainland China 66.8 61.2 73.3 71.6 66.4 77.7 74.6 69.3 80.8 日本 Japan 63.2 64.2 62.1 64.6 65.5 63.8 64.9 65.5 64.2 南韓 Republic of Korea 100.4 108.4 91.6 102.8 110.5 94.5 106.7 113.6 99.2 新加坡 Singapore 97.1 92.2 102.3 98.0 93.1 103.2 97.3 92.8 102.1 香港 Hong Kong 97.4 93.0 101.9 100.8 97.1 104.5 105.5 100.9 110.1 澳門 Macao 99.0 91.0 106.3 116.2 110.2 121.6 129.2 123.3 134.4 美洲 America 美國 United States 84.9 68.7 101.7 79.4 64.5 94.9 … … … 加拿大 Canada 79.8 67.4 92.9 78.9 66.4 92.3 76.3 64.8 88.6 歐洲 Europe 英國 United Kingdom 76.7 65.4 88.4 79.7 67.5 92.4 80.5 67.9 93.7 法國 France 69.9 61.2 79.2 71.5 62.1 81.5 70.5 60.9 80.5 德國 Germany 75.7 72.8 78.8 77.4 74.2 80.8 78.6 75.2 82.2 義大利 Italy 71.3 60.0 83.6 73.9 61.9 87.0 75.9 63.5 89.6 西班牙 Spain 94.6 83.8 106.2 94.5 83.3 106.6 93.7 81.7 106.6 比利時 Belgium 82.7 70.4 95.6 83.6 71.0 96.8 82.1 69.5 95.6 荷蘭 Netherlands 89.4 82.5 96.5 … … … 86.6 79.0 94.4 芬蘭 Finland 100.9 89.8 112.6 104.9 92.3 118.5 108.1 94.0 123.1 奧地利 Austria 93.9 83.3 105.2 94.5 83.1 106.7 91.7 80.2 104.0 瑞士 Switzerland 71.9 68.1 76.0 74.2 69.7 78.9 74.0 69.6 78.8 捷克 Czech Republic 69.8 58.8 81.6 70.8 59.0 83.3 66.7 56.8 76.9 丹麥 Denmark 84.0 71.0 97.5 84.6 70.8 98.9 81.2 68.1 94.9 冰島 Iceland 86.5 57.7 116.9 85.0 56.6 114.6 76.5 50.5 104.2 愛爾蘭 Ireland 78.8 71.8 86.0 76.6 69.0 84.4 … … … 挪威 Norway 93.9 75.4 113.8 97.6 78.4 118.2 95.1 76.6 114.6 葡萄牙 Portugal 72.5 65.9 79.5 75.1 68.1 82.4 77.7 70.3 85.4 瑞典 Sweden 85.9 63.8 111.2 83.9 62.3 108.3 81.4 61.0 104.1 大洋洲 Oceania 澳洲 Australia 112.7 91.1 135.7 106.2 85.6 128.3 104.6 85.6 125.2 紐西蘭 New Zealand 79.4 60.7 99.3 77.0 58.1 97.0 76.4 58.3 95.6 世界平均 World 41.1 38.3 44.0 42.0 39.4 44.9 43.2 40.4 46.2 東亞平均 Eastern Asia 66.9 62.5 72.1 71.3 67.1 76.1 74.0 69.7 79.0 2023學年 SY 表1-1 各級教育粗在學率─按性別分(高等教育)(3/3) Table 1-1 Gross Enrollment Ratio by Education Level and Gender (3/3) 2021學年 SY 2022學年 SY ─ Tertiary Education 5
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